The Palace and Park Ensemble in the city of Homel is an architectural monument of the second half of the 18th-19th centuries. It is situated on the right high bank of the river Sozh. It includes a palace, a park, the Ss. Peter and Paul Cathedral and a chapel.
The palace was built in the Classicism style and is the composite centre of the ensemble. The main building was constructed in 1777-1796 (by the architect Y.M. Alekseyev in cooperation with the architect K.I. Blanc). Two service wings (decorated with four-column Ionic porticos, which flank the main building, were built in 1800-1805. In 1837-1851, it was reconstructed and completed by the architect Idzkovsky: the main building and lateral wings were connected by galleries with square pavilions; the second floor of the northern wing was built over; with its portico dismantled and the interior lay-out changed; a Pseudo-Gothic four-tier tower and a pavilion with a skylight were constructed on the foundation of the dismantled southern wing; the pediment of the main building’s portico was changed, with a veranda added on from its side, sculptures and cast-iron balustrades were set on the roofs of the main building. The palace was reconstructed in 1856 and in 1919-1920, destroyed and burnt down in 1941-1943 and restored and reconstructed in 1969.
Today, the main façade of the palace has a three-part symmetrical composition and is decorated with a four-column Corinthian portico. The middle part of the façade, which faces the river, is decorated with a six-column portico. The walls are adorned with the Corinthian order pilasters. The palace has an enfilade lay-out. The center of the composition is a high cupolaed square hall decorated by rows of Corinthian columns finished with artificial marble. Light ceramic crimped tubes were used in the construction of the hall’s cupola and the vault to make the construction lighter.
At present the palace hosts the Homel regional ethnographic museum.
The park offers a picturesque landscape in the central part of Homel. It is formed by a high terrace of the right bank of the river Sozh, cut through by several ravines, the vestiges of the water courses of the Ice Age.
The park included two parts – a landscape and a regular one. It has features of Romanticism that was characteristic of the first half of the 19th century. In 1889, a burial chapel of the Paskevichs was erected in the park in the Pseudo-Russian style not far from the SS. Peter and Paul Cathedral (by the architect Y.I. Chervinsky).
The SS. Peter and Paul Cathedral is a monument of Classicism architecture. It was built in 1809 –1824 by the architect G. Clark. At present, the cathedral is an active place of worship. Its plan is that of an elongate cross with a developed transept, a short middle nave and small vestries around the altar part. The central part of the cathedral is crowned with a cupola on the lighting drum, which rests on four pillars in the interior. There are four Doric six-column porticoes in the ends and rows of semi-columns on the side of the nave. Classicist décor was used to decorate the façades.
Owing to the concentration and combination of its elements, as well as their historic and cultural significance, the palace and park ensemble in the city of Homel has no analogues on the territory of Belarus. |